Can Depression Cause Headaches?

Munira Electricwala

Psychologist | Researcher | Psychological Scientist | Writer

26 Sep 20244 min read

young woman having a headache - Can Depression Cause Headaches?

Introduction: Can Depression Cause Headaches?

Headaches are a common ailment affecting millions, yet their connection to mental health, particularly depression, often goes unnoticed. Many individuals experience cranial discomfort alongside feelings of sadness or anxiety, raising the question: Can depression cause headaches? Understanding this relationship is crucial, as the evidence varies and individual experiences play a significant role in these conditions.

Understanding Headache and Depression by Definition

Headache: A headache is characterized by pain or discomfort in the head, scalp, or neck. It can vary in intensity and duration and may be classified into different types, including migraines and tension headaches.

Depression: Depression is a mood disorder marked by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and a range of emotional and physical problems. It can significantly impact daily functioning and overall well-being.

Can Headaches Cause Depression?

The answer is not straightforward. Research indicates a bidirectional relationship between headaches and depression—individuals suffering from chronic headaches may develop depression due to the impact on their quality of life, while those with depression are at an increased risk for developing headaches.

Yes, headaches can be linked to depression, and depression can cause headaches. Studies show that people with migraines or chronic headaches are more likely to experience depression. Poor sleep, headache-related disability, and dehydration are risk factors that can further exacerbate this connection. Psychological treatments can improve the quality of life for those affected.

Present Research Findings on the Connection Between Headache and Depression

Studies Suggests: Research shows that individuals with migraines are more likely to experience symptoms of depression. A study (2022) indicated that migraineurs have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression.

Chronic Headaches from Depression: Chronic headaches, such as tension-type headaches (TTH), have been linked to depression. Individuals with TTH often report higher levels of stress and emotional distress.

Depression-Related Migraines: Evidence (2020) suggests that major depressive disorder (MDD) increases the risk of developing migraines. This connection may stem from shared biological factors that affect both conditions.

Pressure in the Head: Many individuals with depression report experiencing pressure in the head, which can manifest as tension headaches. This indicates that emotional states can influence physical symptoms.

Mental Health and Headaches: Studies (2019) have shown that poor mental health correlates with increased headache frequency and severity, suggesting that addressing mental health issues could alleviate headache symptoms.

Symptoms of Depression to check. This will help you understand when to seek help:

Emotional Symptoms

Persistent Sadness: A continuous feeling of sadness or emptiness.
⁠Irritability: Increased frustration or anger over minor issues.
Feelings of Hopelessness: A belief that things will never get better.
⁠Guilt or Worthlessness: Excessive feelings of guilt or a sense of being a failure.

Physical Symptoms

Changes in Appetite: Significant weight loss or gain, or changes in eating habits.
Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or sleeping too much.
Fatigue: A constant feeling of tiredness or lack of energy.
⁠Aches and Pains: Unexplained physical symptoms, such as headaches or digestive issues.

Cognitive Symptoms

⁠Difficulty Concentrating: Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.
Negative Thinking: A tendency to dwell on negative thoughts or events.

Behavioural Symptoms

⁠Withdrawal from Social Activities: Avoiding friends, family, and previously enjoyed activities.
⁠Decreased Performance: A decline in work or academic performance.

By understanding this connection, individuals can take proactive steps toward improving their mental health and overall quality of life. Mave Health offers personalized support programs and resources on tDCS designed to address these complex issues.

Do Read More About Depression

Conclusion

The relationship between headaches and depression is complex and multifaceted. While evidence supports the notion that depression can lead to various types of head pain—including migraines and tension headaches—it is also clear that chronic headaches can exacerbate depressive symptoms. Therefore, it’s essential for individuals experiencing both conditions to consult healthcare providers for personalized guidance on managing their symptoms effectively.

References

Cherney, K. (2019, March 12). Depression Headaches: What to Know. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/headache/depression-headaches
Doherty, C., MD. (2022, December 19). The Link Between Mental Illness and Your Headaches. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/mental-health-and-headaches-1719631
Ghadeer, H. a. A., Salman, S. a. A., Alshakhs, Z. M., Alghanim, J. H., Alneamah, A. A., Almazyadi, H. S., Alalawi, H. H., AlHassan, M. I., Alsuwailem, B. S., Albonasser, A. A., Aljohar, H. I., Alhammadi, Y. M., Almoaibed, F. M., Ali, Y. a. A., & Alali, A. I. (2022). Migraine Headache and the Risk of Depression. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31081
Hassan, M., & Asaad, T. (2020). Tension-type headache, its relation to stress, and how to relieve it by cryotherapy among academic students. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(1).https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00030-3
Jahangir, S., Adjepong, D., Al-Shami, H. A., & Malik, B. H. (2020). Is There an Association Between Migraine and Major Depressive Disorder? A Narrative Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8551
Janke, A. E., Holroyd, K. A., & Romanek, K. (2004). Depression increases onset of tension-type headache following laboratory stress. Pain, 111(3), 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.06.007
Meissner, M., PhD. (2024, March 7). The evidence connecting migraine and mental health. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/evidence-connecting-migraine-and-mental-health
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